Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health issue that impacts close to a billion individuals globally. We often recognize it by its physical symptoms like fatigue, weakness and pale skin, but the impact of IDA on mental health often goes unnoticed. Recent research underscores the connection between IDA and mental health disorders, suggesting the need for an integrated treatment approach for individuals living with both conditions.
HOW DOES LOW IRON AFFECT THE BRAIN?
A 2020 study published by BMC Psychiatry suggested that individuals with IDA had an increased risk of psychiatric conditions, irrespective of confounders like demographics and other health conditions. Researchers found that individuals with iron deficiency held a significantly higher risk of anxiety, depression, sleep disorders and even psychotic disorders. This may be in part because of the vital role that iron plays in brain health; iron supports myelination, which is crucial for the brain’s function and speed. It also helps maintain neurotransmitter balance, affecting memory and behaviour, and is essential for enzymes that regulate mood, such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine.
Interestingly, the study also found that iron supplementation for those with anemia was linked to a much lower risk of psychiatric disorders compared to those who did not receive supplementation. Symptoms like low mood, fatigue, and anxiety improved as iron levels increased. Specifically, IDA patients who received iron supplements saw a reduction in sleep disorders, demonstrating the positive impact of iron on mental health. This demonstrates that interventions addressing IDA, which can include fortification and supplementation, could lead to improved mental health outcomes.
DOES IRON DEFICIENCY IMPACT MENTAL HEALTH?
The relationship between IDA and mental health is cyclical. Chronic fatigue and cognitive impairment, common symptoms of IDA, lead to a reduced quality of life and increased psychological distress. Conversely, the presence of depression and other mental health concerns can influence dietary habits and overall health, leading to or exacerbating anemia. This highlights the need for integrated treatment approaches that simultaneously address physical and mental health.
Given the critical importance of monitoring iron levels and symptoms during treatment, adopting a nuanced approach to managing iron deficiency is essential for improving patient care and overall well-being. So, addressing iron deficiency through dietary changes, supplements, fortification or other medical interventions could potentially alleviate psychiatric symptoms. Encouraging lifestyle changes of regular exercise and adequate sleep can improve well-being and impacts of IDA. Routine screenings of iron levels in patients presenting with mental health symptoms have also been suggested to ensure comprehensive care.
